2025-10-10 17:55:12
The billion-dollar infrastructure deals powering the AI boom | TechCrunch
The tech industry is racing to build AI infrastructure,预计到本十年末将耗资3至4万亿美元。主要项目包括微软对OpenAI的10亿美元投资,使其成为Azure的主要客户;Oracle与OpenAI签订了价值3000亿美元的五年期计算合同;Nvidia通过GPU交易向OpenAI和xAI等公司提供资金支持;Meta计划到2028年在美国基础设施上花费6000亿美元。此外,Stargate项目宣布将耗资5000亿美元用于美国的人工智能基础设施建设,尽管该项目已失去一些动力但仍继续推进。
It takes a lot of computing power to run an AI product â and as the tech industry races to tap the power of AI models, thereâs a parallel race underway to build the infrastructure that will power them. On a recent earnings call, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang estimated that between $3 trillion and $4 trillion will be spent on AI infrastructure by the end of the decade â with much of that money coming from AI companies. Along the way, theyâre placing immense strain on power grids and pushing the industryâs building capacity to its limit.
Below, weâve laid out everything we know about the biggest AI infrastructure projects, including major spending from Meta, Oracle, Microsoft, Google, and OpenAI. Weâll keep it updated as the boom continues and the numbers climb even higher.
Microsoftâs $1 billion investment in OpenAI
This is arguably the deal that kicked off the whole contemporary AI boom:
In 2019
, Microsoft made a $1 billion investment in a buzzy non-profit called OpenAI, known mostly for its association with Elon Musk. Crucially, the deal made Microsoft the exclusive cloud provider for OpenAI â and as the demands of model training became more intense, more of Microsoftâs investment started to come
in the form of Azure cloud credit
rather than cash.
It was a great deal for both sides: Microsoft was able to claim more Azure sales, and OpenAI got more money for its biggest single expense. In the years that followed, Microsoft would build its investment up to nearly $14 billion â a move that is set to pay off enormously when OpenAI converts into a for-profit company.
The partnership between the two companies has unwound more recently. In January, OpenAI announced it would
no longer be using Microsoftâs cloud exclusively
, instead giving the company a right of first refusal on future infrastructure demands but pursuing others if Azure couldnât meet their needs. More recently, Microsoft began exploring other foundation models to power its AI products, establishing even more independence from the AI giant.
OpenAIâs arrangement with Microsoft was so successful that itâs become a common practice for AI services to sign on with a particular cloud provider. Anthropic has received $8 billion in investment from Amazon, while
making kernel-level modifications
on the companyâs hardware to make it better suited for AI training. Google Cloud has also signed on
smaller AI companies like Lovable and Windsurf
as âprimary computing partners,â although those deals did not involve any investment. And even OpenAI has gone back to the well, receiving a $100 billion investment from Nvidia
in September
, giving it capacity to buy even more of the companyâs GPUs.
The rise of Oracle
On June 30, 2025, Oracle revealed in an SEC filing that it had signed a $30 billion cloud services deal with an unnamed partner; this is more than the companyâs cloud revenues for all of the previous fiscal year. OpenAI was eventually revealed as the partner, securing Oracle
a spot alongside Google
as one of OpenAIâs string of post-Microsoft hosting partners. Unsurprisingly, the companyâs stock went shooting up.
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A few months later, it happened again.
On September 10
, Oracle revealed a five-year, $300 billion deal for compute power, set to begin in 2027. Oracleâs stock
climbed even higher
, briefly making founder Larry Ellison the richest man in the world. The sheer scale of the deal is stunning: OpenAI does not have $300 billion to spend, so the figure presumes immense growth for both companies, and more than a little faith.
But before a single dollar is spent, the deal has already cemented Oracle as one of the leading AI infrastructure providers â and a financial force to be reckoned with.
Nvidiaâs investment spree
As AI labs scramble to build infrastructure, theyâre mostly all buying GPUs from one company: Nvidia. That trade has made Nvidia flush with cash â and itâs been investing that cash back into the industry in increasingly unconventional ways. In September 2025, the company bought
a 4% stake in rival Intel
for $5 billion â but even more surprising has been the deals with its own customers. One week after the Intel deal was revealed, the company announced
a $100 billion investment in OpenAI
, paid for with GPUs that would be used in OpenAIâs ongoing data center projects. Nvidia has since announced a similar deal with Elon Muskâs xAI, and OpenAI launched
a separate GPU-for-stock arrangement
with AMD.
If that seems circular, it should. Nvidiaâs GPUs are valuable because theyâre so scarce â and by trading them directly into an ever-inflating data center scheme, Nvidia is making sure they stay that way. You could say the same thing about OpenAIâs privately held stock, which is all the more valuable because it canât be obtained through public markets. For now, OpenAI and Nvidia are riding high and nobody seems too worried â but if the momentum starts to flag, this sort of arrangement will get a lot more scrutiny.
Building tomorrowâs hyperscale data centers
For companies like Meta that already have
significant legacy infrastructure
, the story is more complicated â although equally expensive. Mark Zuckerberg has said that Meta plans to spend $600 billion on U.S. infrastructure
through the end of 2028
.
In just the first half of 2025, the company spent
$30 billion more
than the previous year, driven largely by the companyâs growing AI ambitions. Some of that spending goes toward big ticket cloud contracts, like a recent
$10 billion deal with Google Cloud
, but even more resources are being poured into two massive new data centers.
A new 2,250-acre site in Louisiana,
dubbed Hyperion
, will cost an estimated $10 billion to build out and
provide an estimated 5 gigawatts of compute power
. Notably, the site includes an arrangement with a local nuclear power plant to handle the increased energy load. A smaller site in Ohio, called Prometheus, is expected to come online in 2026, powered by natural gas.Â
That kind of buildout comes with real environmental costs. Elon Muskâs xAI built its own hybrid data center and power-generation plant in South Memphis, Tennessee. The plant has quickly become one of the countyâs largest emitters of smog-producing chemicals, thanks to a string of natural gas turbines that
experts say violate the Clean Air Act
.
The Stargate moonshot
Just two days after his second inauguration, President Trump announced a joint venture between SoftBank, OpenAI, and Oracle, meant to spend $500 billion building AI infrastructure in the United States. Named âStargateâ after the 1994 film, the project arrived with incredible amounts of hype, with Trump calling it âthe largest AI infrastructure project in history.â Sam Altman seemed to agree, saying, âââI think this will be the most important project of this era.âÂ
In broad strokes, the plan was for SoftBank to provide the funding, with Oracle handling the buildout with input from OpenAI. Overseeing it all was Trump, who promised to clear away any regulatory hurdles that might slow down the build. But there were doubts from the beginning, including from Elon Musk, Altmanâs business rival, who claimed the project did not have the available funds.
As the hype has died down, the project has lost some momentum.
In August
, Bloomberg reported that the partners were failing to reach consensus. Nonetheless, the project has moved forward with the construction of
eight data centers in Abilene, Texas
, with construction on the final building set to be finished by the end of 2026.
This article was first published on September 22.